Structure and function of toll-like receptor 8

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns originating from invading microorganisms and initiate innate immune responses. Recent structural studies of TLR–ligand complexes have revealed the detailed molecular mechanisms by which each TLR specifically recognizes its own ligands. This review focuses on the structure of TLR8 and discusses the similarities and diversities of TLR–ligand interactions and signaling mechanisms.