Comparative sexology: Nonconsensual insemination in the United States and the European Union

SummaryLittle research exists about nonconsensual insemination or related topics, including reproductive coercion, breech of sexual consent agreements, intentional failure of withdrawal method, and intentional disease transmission. Researchers should incorporate intentional sabotage of withdrawal method into inquiries about reproductive coercion, and further study how sex partners intentionally transmit diseases. Healthcare and sex educators should promote condom-use while screening withdrawal method users for nonconsensual insemination. Healthcare providers should increase the attention given to youth, immigrants, and other vulnerable populations. Because of governments’ interests in reducing unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases, systemic changes ought to be implemented. These changes could include increased criminalization of nonconsensual insemination, inclusion of nonconsensual insemination in domestic violence legislation, and increased sensitivity and training among police and healthcare providers. Police and legislators should especially focus on accepting victims’ credibility and identifying males and homosexuals as victims of nonconsensual insemination, sexual assault, and domestic violence.