Depression, C-reactive Protein and Two-year Major Adverse Cardiac Events in Men after Acute Coronary Syndromes

BackgroundWe investigated the impact of depression and inflammatory markers, assessed 2 months after acute coronary syndrome (ACS), on major adverse cardiac events over 2 years (MACEs; cardiac death, survived myocardial infarction, survived cardiac arrest, and nonelective revascularization).MethodsDepression symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-II; BDI-II), major depression, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6, and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule were assessed in 741 ACS patients (including 602 men).ResultsSome 102 (78 men) experienced at least one MACE. Beck Depression Inventory-II scores of ≥14 predicted MACEs (p = .007). The increase in risk was marked in men (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.24–3.09, p = .004), with little evidence of a relationship in women (p = .85). Subsequent analyses were limited to men. Results were similar after covariate adjustment (HR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.07–2.77, p = .024). C-reactive protein levels were also associated with increased MACE risk (adjusted HR for CRP ≥ 2.0 mg/L = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.07–2.62, p = .025). C-reactive protein levels and BDI-II scores interacted in predicting MACEs. Men with both BDI-II scores of ≥14 and CRP of ≥2.0 mg/L experienced an increase in risk similar to those with only one of these factors.ConclusionsIn men assessed 2 months after ACS, depression and CRP are overlapping prognostic risks. Patients with either risk may benefit from similar therapies.