Agoraphobia: clinical features and treatment strategies

This contribution provides definitions of agoraphobia and discusses the relationship between agoraphobia and panic attacks. Information about epidemiology and prognosis is presented, along with current theories concerning aetiology. There is a discussion as to why some panic patients become agoraphobic. A literature review suggests that patients with agoraphobia are more likely to be depressed, have avoidant and dependent personality traits and lower levels of self-esteem and self-sufficiency than patients with panic disorder who are less avoidant. These factors need to be taken into account when planning treatment. The new NICE guidelines for management are provided. In particular, adaptations of panic treatment for more avoidant clients are considered in detail.