Transarterial chemoembolization using drug eluting beads and subsequent percutaneous MR-guided radiofrequency ablation in the therapy of intermediate sized hepatocellular carcinoma

ObjectiveTo evaluate safety, efficacy, survival and recurrence-free survival of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) with drug eluting (DC) beads combined with MR-guided radiofrequency (RF) ablation for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) larger than 3 cm.Materials and methodsThis retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board. 20 patients (69.6 years ±SD 8.8) with HCC underwent DC Bead TACE and subsequent MR-guided RF ablation. Treatment interval varied between 5 and 15 days. Mean HCC diameter was 39 mm ±SD 7 mm (range 31–50 mm). Rates of recurrence-free survival and overall survival were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsTechnical success rate, primary and secondary technical effectiveness rate were 100%, 90% and 95%, respectively. Local tumour progression developed in one patient. Cumulative survival rates at 1, 3 and 5 years were 90% (Confidence Interval [CI]: 67%–97%), 50% (CI: 29%–70%), 27% (CI: 11%–51%) respectively. Median survival time was 37.4 months. During follow up (mean: 39.1 months ±SD 22.4; range 5–84 months), tumour progression in untreated liver developed in 14 cases. Cumulative recurrence-free survival rates at 1, 3 and 5 years were 48% (CI: 27–69%), 16% (5–39%), 16% (5–39%) respectively. Median recurrence-free survival time was 10.7 months. One major complication occurred due to misdiagnosed local recurrence.ConclusionIn conclusion, we demonstrated that MR-guided RF ablation with subsequent DC Bead TACE is safe and effective in local tumour control in patients with intermediate sized HCC.