CT Fluoroscopy-Guided Percutaneous Fiducial Marker Placement for CyberKnife Stereotactic Radiosurgery: Technical Results and Complications in 222 Consecutive Procedures

CT fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous fiducial marker placement can be performed with high technical success under local anesthesia in various anatomic regions. Although self-limiting in most cases, pneumothorax and pulmonary hemorrhage are frequently observed during fiducial marker implantation into lung tumors.