Extrahepatic Collateral Artery Supply to the Tumor Thrombi of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Invading Inferior Vena Cava: The Prevalence and Determinant Factors

IVC tumor thrombi of HCCs are frequently supplied by extrahepatic collateral arteries, the most common of which is the right inferior phrenic artery. The significant determining factors are a history of chemoembolization and the extent of IVC tumor thrombi.