Contribution of runoff to incomplete off season soil water refilling in a Mediterranean vineyard

The dynamics of soil water was investigated in a Mediterranean vineyard during the 2003–2007 period in order to identify the inter-seasonal modification of water storage due to intercropping. The intercrop was a mixture of tall fescue and rye grass. Soil water content was measured on 3 m soil profiles (plus one 5 m profile) as was runoff from local stands.Great variations in soil refilling were observed over the years, for both the bare soil and intercrop treatments. The complete refilling occurred once and it was associated with a rise of the water table up to less than 2 m from the soil surface in the low part of the field. During the other years, the wetting front was identified between 1 m and 2.3 m at spring in the bare soil treatment, deeper in the lowest part of the field. The available soil water content at bud-break was influenced by the topography. A higher infiltration was observed in the intercropped treatment. Runoff kinetics was compared to rainfall kinetics in a selection of three rain events differing by duration and intensity. The curve number method was used to perform the analysis of runoff at a 1-day time-step rather than the quarter of an hour time-step of the registrations. With this method, the time limitation of water balance studies for Mediterranean vineyards would be partially removed.