کد مقاله کد نشریه سال انتشار مقاله انگلیسی نسخه تمام متن
4482393 1316857 2012 14 صفحه PDF دانلود رایگان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Environmental occurrence, fate and transformation of benzodiazepines in water treatment
موضوعات مرتبط
مهندسی و علوم پایه علوم زمین و سیارات فرآیندهای سطح زمین
پیش نمایش صفحه اول مقاله
Environmental occurrence, fate and transformation of benzodiazepines in water treatment
چکیده انگلیسی

Benzodiazepine derivatives are prescribed in large quantities globally and are potentially new emerging environmental contaminants. Unfortunately, a dearth of data exists concerning occurrence, persistence and fate in the environment. This paper redresses this by reviewing existing literature, assessing the occurrence of selected benzodiazepine anxiolytics (diazepam, oxazepam and bromazepam) in wastewater influent and effluent and surface water from Slovenia, evaluating their removal during water treatment and identifying the transformation products formed during water treatment. Their occurrence was monitored in hospital effluent, river water and in wastewater treatment plant influent and effluent. The study reveals the presence of benzodiazepine derivatives in all samples with the highest amounts in hospital effluents: 111 ng L−1, 158 ng L−1 and 72 ng L−1 for diazepam, bromazepam and oxazepam, respectively. Removal efficiencies with respect to biological treatment of diazepam were 16–18% (oxic), 18–32% (anoxic → oxic), 53–76% (oxic → anoxic) and 83% (oxic → anoxic → oxic → anoxic cascade bioreactors), while the removal oxazepam was 20–24% under anoxic conditions. Coupled biological and photochemical treatment followed by the adsorption to activated carbon resulted in a removal efficiency of 99.99%. Results reveal the recalcitrant nature of benzodiazepine derivatives and suggest that only combinational treatment is sufficient to remove them. In addition, eight novel diazepam and four novel oxazepam transformation products are reported.

Figure optionsDownload high-quality image (112 K)Download as PowerPoint slideHighlights
► Occurrence of selected benzodiazepines in waste and environmental waters.
► Biological treatment in combination with photochemical degradation.
► Eight diazepam and four oxazepam transformation products proposed for the first time.

ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Water Research - Volume 46, Issue 2, 1 February 2012, Pages 355–368
نویسندگان
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