کد مقاله کد نشریه سال انتشار مقاله انگلیسی نسخه تمام متن
4483030 1316876 2011 11 صفحه PDF دانلود رایگان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Monitoring of water quality from roof runoff: Interpretation using multivariate analysis
موضوعات مرتبط
مهندسی و علوم پایه علوم زمین و سیارات فرآیندهای سطح زمین
پیش نمایش صفحه اول مقاله
Monitoring of water quality from roof runoff: Interpretation using multivariate analysis
چکیده انگلیسی

The quality of harvested rainwater used for toilet flushing in a private house in the south-west of France was assessed over a one-year period. Temperature, pH, conductivity, colour, turbidity, anions, cations, alkalinity, total hardness and total organic carbon were screened using standard analytical techniques. Total flora at 22 °C and 36 °C, total coliforms, Escherichia coli and enterococci were analysed. Overall, the collected rainwater had good physicochemical quality but did not meet the requirements for drinking water. The stored rainwater is characterised by low conductivity, hardness and alkalinity compared to mains water. Three widely used bacterial indicators - total coliforms, E. coli and enterococci - were detected in the majority of samples, indicating microbiological contamination of the water. To elucidate factors affecting the rainwater composition, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were applied to the complete data set of 50 observations. Chemical and microbiological parameters fluctuated during the course of the study, with the highest levels of microbiological contamination observed in roof runoffs collected during the summer. E. coli and enterococci occurred simultaneously, and their presence was linked to precipitation. Runoff quality is also unpredictable because it is sensitive to the weather. Cluster analysis differentiated three clusters: ionic composition, parameters linked with the microbiological load and indicators of faecal contamination. In future surveys, parameters from these three groups will be simultaneously monitored to more accurately characterise roof-collected rainwater.


► Physicochemical quality of runoff did not meet drinking water standards.
► Chemical and microbiological parameters fluctuated during the course of the study.
► Quality of roof-collected rainwater can be profoundly affected by weather.
► Presence of E. coli and enterococci was correlated with the pluviometry.
► Principal components were ionic composition, organic load and faecal contamination.

ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Water Research - Volume 45, Issue 12, June 2011, Pages 3765–3775
نویسندگان
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