Chemical and biological assessment of two offshore drilling sites in the Alaskan Arctic

A retrospective chemical and biological study was carried out in Camden Bay, Alaskan Beaufort Sea, where single exploratory oil wells were drilled at two sites more than two decades ago. Barium from discharged drilling mud was present in sediments at concentrations as high as 14%, ∼200 times above background, with significantly higher concentrations of Ba, but not other metals, within 250 m of the drilling site versus reference stations. Elevated concentrations of Cr, Cu, Hg and Pb were found only at two stations within 25 m of one drilling site. Concentrations of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (TPAH) were not significantly different at reference versus drilling-site stations; however, TPAH were elevated in Ba-rich layers from naturally occurring perylene in ancient formation cuttings. Infaunal biomass and species abundance were not significantly different at reference versus drilling-site stations; infauna were less diverse at drilling-site stations. Our assessment showed that discharges from single wells within large areas caused minimal long-term, adverse impacts to the benthic ecosystem.

Figure optionsDownload as PowerPoint slideHighlights▶ Chemical and biological conditions assessed at two offshore Arctic drilling sites. ▶ Barium-rich drilling mud and formation cuttings dispersed <250 m from drilling sites. ▶ TPAH elevated in Ba-rich layers from natural perylene in formation cuttings. ▶ Infaunal biomass and abundance not impacted, diversity lower at drill sites. ▶ Discharges from single wells in large areas caused no long-term adverse impacts.