Nitric oxide enhances salt tolerance in cucumber seedlings by regulating free polyamine content

Nitric oxide (NO), an endogenous signaling molecule in plants and animals, mediates responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. This study was conducted in nutrient solution to investigate the effects of exogenous sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an NO donor, on plant growth and free polyamine content in cucumber leaves and roots under NaCl stress. The results showed that 100 μM SNP in solution significantly improved the growth of cucumber seedlings under NaCl stress for 8 days, as indicated by increased, plant height, stem thickness, fresh weight and increased dry matter accumulation. Further analysis demonstrated that the content of free polyamines and the activity of polyamine oxidase (PAO) in cucumber seedling leaves and roots initially increased dramatically under NaCl stress, although they decreased over a longer period of stress. Throughout the treatment period, the value of (spermine + spermidine)/putrescine [(Spd + Spm)/Put] also decreased under NaCl stress compared to the control. In contrast, the application of 100 μM SNP in the nutrient solution decreased the content of free Put, Spd, total free polyamines and PAO activity under NaCl stress. It also caused an increase in the content of Spm and the value of (Spd + Spm)/Put, adjusted the ratio of three kinds of free polyamines (Put, Spd, Spm) in cucumber seedlings. The high (Spd + Spm)/Put value and the accumulation of Spm were beneficial to improving the salt tolerance of plants. Therefore, NO alleviated the damage to cucumber seedlings caused by salt stress. NO enhanced the tolerance of cucumber seedlings to NaCl stress by regulating the content and proportions of the different types of free polyamines.

Research highlights▶ Nitric oxide enhanced salt tolerance in cucumber seedlings. ▶ Enhanced tolerance related to an increase in the content of Spm and the value of (Spd + Spm)/Put. ▶ Nitric oxide adjusted the biosynthesis of polyamines and the ratio of three different polyamines (Put, Spd, Spm). ▶ Exogenous nitric oxide improved the accumulation of Spm content and the (Spd + Spm)/Put value.