An introduction to the South China Sea throughflow: Its dynamics, variability, and application for climate

The South China Sea throughflow (SCSTF) involves the inflow through the Luzon strait and the outflow through the Karimata, Mindoro, and Taiwan straits. Recent studies have suggested that the SCSTF act as a heat and freshwater conveyor, playing a potentially important role in regulating the sea surface temperature pattern in the South China Sea and its adjoining tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans. In this introductory paper, we attempt to convey the progress that has recently been made in understanding the SCSTF. We first provide an overview of existing observations, theories, and simulations of the SCSTF. Then, we discuss its interaction with the Pacific western boundary current and Indonesian throughflow. Finally, we summarize issues and questions that remain to be addressed, with special reference to the SCSTF's dynamics, variability, and implication for climate.