Extensional and magmatic nature of the Campbell Plateau and Great South Basin from deep crustal studies

The Campbell Plateau is one of the largest submarine parts of the microcontinent of New Zealand. Although the opening of the Great South Basin played an important role in the late Gondwana break-up, the crustal structure of the basins and plateaus southeast of New Zealand are unknown to a large extent. Here we present results from a combined gravity, magnetic, multichannel seismic and seismic wide-angle reflection/refraction transect across the Great South Basin and parts of the Campbell Plateau and interpret this on the basis of velocity distribution and crustal thickness. The lower crust exhibits a zone of southeastward increasing P-wave velocities (vp ≈ 7.1–7.4 km/s) beneath the central Campbell Plateau. In this area, crustal thickness averages to ∼ 27 km. We interpret this high-velocity zone as underplating beneath a previously extended crust. Our results hint that the extension of the Great South Basin was not accompanied by widespread magmatic activity, although signs of younger magmatism have been found across the Pukaki Rise and within the Great South Basin. Based on comparisons with nearby plateaus like the Lord Howe Rise and the Challenger Plateau, as well as probable paleo-positions of the magnetic anomaly systems of New Zealand and the Campbell Plateau, we suggest that an early phase of extension of the Campbell Plateau predated the opening of the Great South Basin.