Effect of Tsunamis generated in the Manila Trench on the Gulf of Thailand

Tsunamis generated in the Manila Trench can be a threat to Thailand. Besides runup of tsunamis along the eastern coast, infrastructures in the Gulf of Thailand, for example, gas pipelines and platforms can be affected by tsunamis. In this study, the simulation of tsunamis in the Gulf of Thailand is conducted. Six cases of fault ruptures in the Manila trench are considered for earthquakes with magnitudes of 8.0, 8.5, and 9.0. The linear shallow water wave theory in spherical coordinate system is used for tsunami simulation in the large area covering Southeast Asia while the nonlinear shallow water wave theory in Cartesian coordinate system is used for tsunami simulation in the Gulf of Thailand. It is found that tsunamis reach the southern part of Thailand in 13 h after an earthquake and reach Bangkok in 19 h. The tsunami amplitude is largest in the direction towards the Philippines and Vietnam. The southern part of China is also severely affected. The Gulf of Thailand is affected by the diffraction of tsunamis around the southern part of Vietnam and Cambodia. The tsunami amplitude at the southernmost coastline is about 0.65 m for the Mw 9.0 earthquake. The current velocity in the Gulf of Thailand due to the Mw 9.0 earthquake is generally less than 0.2 m/s.