A high-resolution record of climate variability and landscape response from Kettle Lake, northern Great Plains, North America

► Endogenic carbonate is sensitive to water balance in the northern Great Plains, North America. ► At Kettle Lake, aragonite, pollen, and charcoal record decadal-scale moisture variability. ► Major mode shifts in climate occurred at 10.73 ka, 9.25 ka, and 4.44 ka. ► The mid-Holocene is characterized by higher amplitude in moisture oscillations. ► Mid- and late Holocene vegetation response to moisture variations is different.