Low-intensity laser therapy efficacy evaluation in mice subjected to acute arthritis condition

- LILT promoted histological alterations in some treated groups.
- LILT showed signs of an anti-inflammatory effect when applied once.
- LILT promoted increased resorptive area when used for two session.
- 905 nm was responsible for exacerbation of inflammation for multiple LILT sessions.
- Patterns of immunostaining of OCN, OPG, RANKL and TRAP were very similar.

Acute arthritis is an inflammation that affects many joints. The principal treatment options comprise drugs (corticosteroids), invasive and painful surgery. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of low intensity laser therapy (LILT), a non-invasive treatment, in a murine model of acute inflammation model. 48 mice received a synovial injection of Zymosan A into one knee. Mice were treated with LILT by three different wavelengths, either as a single (S) or dual (D) application immediately after the injury or after 24 h following initiation of an inflammatory response. The histological analysis aimed at identifying inflammatory infiltrate and the structure of the articular surfaces as an indicator of a long-term damage due to inflammation. Statistical analysis (Kruskal-Wallis test), did not allow to reject the null hypothesis. However, LILT promoted histological alterations in some treatment groups. Histological evidence (Median and confidence interval) of anti-inflammatory effects was especially noticeable in knees of mice irradiated with lasers emitting moderate intensity and continuous 660 nm (S = 18.5 (11.4; 27.6); D = 16.0 (6.93; 27.0)) and high intensity and pulsed 905 nm (S = 17.5 (10.2; 24.79), with decrease of the resorbed region. However, the 905 nm pulsed laser was responsible for exacerbation of inflammation for multiple LILT sessions with a short delay (D = 45.0 (22.84; 63.83)), tending to aggravate the resorption of the articular surface (p < 0.05). LILT showed signs of an anti-inflammatory effect when applied once, but promoted increased resorptive area when used for two sessions, indicating the importance of a controlled LILT protocol to reach therapeutic effects.