The British Middle Palaeolithic

The British Middle Palaeolithic record can be divided between an early period of occupation (EMP) mainly from late MIS 8 to early MIS 7 characterised by Levallois technology and a late phase of occupation (LMP) in early MIS 3 generally characterised by discoidal technology with flat-butted cordate and bout coupé handaxes. This paper discusses the major sites for these periods and the evidence for scarcity or absence of humans from MIS 6 through to late MIS 4. The differences in the early and late phases are discussed with the conclusion that the EMP shows permanent, but short-lived occupation during temperate conditions on open mammoth steppe. In contrast the evidence from LMP sites suggests only seasonal occupation during summer and overwintering in mainland Europe. The latter shows more sophisticated use of landscape over wider territories by late Neanderthals.