Mid-Holocene vegetation development and herding-related interferences in the Carpathian region

In all regions, absolute values for herding indication are low. Phases of changing herding impact on the landscape can be observed for the Southern Carpathians and Apuseni Mountains as well as for Hungary. In the Southern Carpathians and Apuseni Mountains increased herding activities can be traced for the Early Chalcolithic and the Late Bronze Age. The first phase is contemporary with an intensification of the use of secondary products. In Hungary herding impact is in accordance with prehistoric settlement development. Widely increased herding indications date to the Late Chalcolithic and the Early Bronze Age. In the Eastern Carpathians, interference of climate influences and human impacts occurred.