Carotenoids stability in spray dried high solids emulsions using layer-by-layer (LBL) interfacial structure and trehalose-high DE maltodextrin as glass former

- High total solid (50%) emulsions were successful spray dried.
- Trehalose and maltodextrin (M250) were used as glass formers.
- A rapid initial followed by a second, less rapid first order loss was observed.
- Loss of carotenoids was less rapid in layer-by layer (LBL) system.
- Carotenoids retention was higher in LBL system upon 99 days storage.

The ability of powders obtained from spray drying of high hydrophilic solids emulsions with single layer (SL) or layer-by-layer (LBL) interface and trehalose-high DE maltodextrin (23-27) mixture as glass former to protect encapsulated lutein and all-trans-β-carotene in emulsified oil upon storage (35 °C, 50 °C, and 65 °C) was investigated. Carotenoids degradation followed first order kinetics and increased with storage temperature but was less rapid in LBL system. Two-step degradation kinetics showing rapid initial decrease followed by a second slower degradation was observed. There was non-Arrhenian increase in carotenoids degradation during the initial step. Carotenoids degradation in LBL system was generally more temperature dependent. Carotenoids retention was higher in LBL system with significant difference at 65 °C. The main β-carotene isomers identified were all-trans-β-carotene, 15-cis-β-carotene and 13-cis-β-carotene. LBL interfacial layer may enhance stability of noncrystalline lipophilic bioactive compounds in formulated food and other biological materials.