Exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP induce the proliferation of rat anterior pituitary GH3 cells via the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase

Cyclic adenosine 3′-5'-monophosphate (cAMP) plays a crucial role in regulating pituitary cell proliferation and hormone synthesis. Recent evidence suggests that exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (Epacs) may mediate the effects of cAMP. Here we used rat anterior pituitary GH3 cells as the experiment model to demonstrate that forskolin increased the proliferation of GH3 cells and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, and these effects were inhibited by PKA or Epac inhibitors. Epac activator 8-pCPT-2′-O-Me-cAMP increased GH3 cell proliferation and this was blocked by ESI-09, an Epac inhibitor. In contrast, forskolin-induced phosphorylation of CREB was unaffected by Epac inhibition. Notably, increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was correlated with increased cyclin D3 expression in GH3 cells. Furthermore, knockdown of Epac as well as B-Raf and MEK inhibitors blocked 8-pCPT-2′-O-Me-cAMP induced proliferation of GH3 cells and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2. In conclusion, our study suggests that Epac mediates cAMP induced pituitary cell proliferation via B-Raf and MAPK dependent mechanism.