Synthesis and physico-chemical characterization of modified starches from banana (Musa AAB) and its biological activities in diabetic rats

- Resistant starch was prepared from Musa AAB starch using Pullulanase enzyme.
- RS3 from Musa AAB starch shown high thermal properties with more crystallinity.
- Increased the yield of RS3 from Musa AAB starch using Pullulanase and autoclave process.
- In-vivo studies proved RS3 from Musa AAB has hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects.

This study describes a simple method of preparation and physico-chemical properties of modified starches (type-3 resistant starches) from banana (Musa AAB), and the modified starches investigated as functional food with a beneficial effect on type-2 diabetes. RS3 was prepared using a method combined with debranching modification and physical modification; native and modifies starches were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rapid visco analyzer (RVA). Use of the enzymatic and physical modification methodology, improved the yield of RS (26.62%) from Musa AAB. A reduced viscosity and swelling power; increased transition temperatures, water absorption capacity and solubility index with B-type crystalline pattern and loss of granular appearance were observed during the debranching modification and physical modification. The modified starches exhibited beneficial health effects in diabetic and HFD rats who consumed it. These results recommend that dietary feeding of RS3 was effective in the regulation of glucose and lipid profile in serum and suppressing the oxidative stress in rats under diabetic and HFD condition. This current study provides new bioactive starches, with potential applications in the food and non-food industries.