Rational design and efficacy of a multi-epitope recombinant protein vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype A in pigs

- Developing a multi-epitope protein vaccine for serotype A FMDV with optimal immunogenicity.
- CpG DNA improves the production of IFN-γ.
- The potency of CpG-adjuvanted multi-epitope vaccine was 10.81 PD50 per dose for pigs.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals, and outbreaks of this disease are often economically catastrophic. Recently, a series of outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype A occurred in many countries, including China. Therefore, it is necessary to develop safe and effective vaccines. We designed multi-epitope recombinant proteins A6, A7, and A8 with different three-dimensional structures and compared their immunogenicity in pigs. The results indicated that A8 conferred the greatest protection against FMDV serotype A challenge in pigs, and A8 was selected as the vaccine antigen. We further tested the adjuvant activity of CpG DNA in conjunction with the A8 vaccine, and the results showed significantly increased antigen-specific IFN-γ responses in pigs co-administered A8 with CpG compared to those vaccinated with A8 alone. A vaccine potency test showed that the CpG-adjuvanted A8 vaccine contained a 10.81 protective dose 50% (PD50) per dose for pigs, suggesting the potential for this vaccine to be used in emergency vaccination campaigns for the prevention of FMDV serotype A infection in pigs.