Catheter-directed therapy as a treatment for submassive pulmonary embolism: A meta-analysis

AimsCatheter-directed therapy (CDT) is included in the guidelines for diagnosing and treating massive pulmonary embolism. However, few studies have evaluated the efficacy of CDT as a treatment for submassive pulmonary embolism (SPE). Therefore, we used evidence-based medicine to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of CDT in treating SPE.MethodsSearch terms describing CDT in SPE and patients with intermediate pulmonary embolism were entered into the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases to identify relevant articles without language restrictions published between January 1990 and December 2016. A quality assessment and data extraction were performed by two investigators. The clinical efficacy of and major complications associated with treatment were analysed using a fixed effects model.Key findingsA total of 552 patients in 16 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The clinical success rate in CDT was approximately 100% (95% confidence interval (CI): 99%, 100%), the primary bleeding rate was 0.02% (95% CI: 0%, 0.05%), and mortality during hospitalization was approximately 0% (95% CI: 0%, 0.01%). The mean decrease in pulmonary artery systolic pressure after treatment was − 14.9% (95% CI: − 19.25%, − 10.55%), and the mean post-treatment change in the ratio of the right to the left ventricle (RV/LV) was − 0.35% (95% CI: − 0.48%, − 0.22%).SignificanceCDT is effective and safe as a treatment for SPE and could be a first-line treatment for SPE under specific conditions.