Pathologies utérines : pas si élémentaire… Certitudes, doutes et pièges diagnostiques

Whether uterine pathologies are of endometrial, myometrial or cervical origin, they are identified and analysed using imaging. While not substituting the pathologist's work, ultrasound and MRI technical progress has made it possible to locate, characterize and differentiate with great precision benign from malign uterine lesions, as well as uterine malformations. Imaging performance is however limited when it comes to atypical myometrial lesions characterization, tumour grading (high versus low), specific uterine malformations and in patients whose morphology or estrogenic impregnation does not allow for quality imaging. The purpose of this paper is to present imaging pitfalls and how to avoid them using the most relevant MRI sequences, including 3D T2 TSE, and to develop 3D ultrasound with sonohysterography to study the endometrial cavity. Nevertheless, some pathologies will continue to be challenging for imaging.