Functional Maturation of Left and Right Atrial Systolic and Diastolic Performance in Infants, Children, and Adolescents

Maturational changes in LA and RA ε and SR occur in normal children and are especially profound in infancy. Consequently, LA and RA performance indices must be interpreted in light of heart rate and age. Normal values and percentiles for atrial ε and SR reported here will provide a foundation for the study of pediatric atrial physiology and function in disease states.