Early Changes in Apical Rotation in Genotype Positive Children with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Mutations without Hypertrophic Changes on Two-Dimensional Imaging

Increased LV rotation and twist are present in children with genotype-positive, phenotype-negative HCM. Apical rotation on speckle-tracking echocardiography provides good sensitivity and specificity for the prediction of gene-positive HCM and may be a clinically useful early marker of HCM before the onset of hypertrophy.