Role of proteoglycans on the biochemical and biomechanical properties of dentin organic matrix

- Removal of proteoglycans reduced the strength and altered dentin anisotropy, while depletion of GAGs decreased the energy to fracture.
- The core protein of proteoglycans may have a protective role in the biodegradation of the abundant type I collagen scaffold.
- Proteoglycans have a pivotal role in the tooth function by regulating dentin matrix mechanical behavior and biostability.

ObjectiveProteoglycans (PGs) are multifunctional biomacromolecules of the extracellular matrix of collagen-based tissues. In teeth, besides a pivotal regulatory role on dentin biomineralization, PGs provide mechanical support to the mineralized tissue and compressive strength to the biosystem. This study assessed enzymatic protocols for selective PGs removal from demineralized dentin to determine the roles of these biomacromolecules in the bulk mechanical properties and biostability of type I collagen.MethodsSelective removal of glycosaminoglycans chains (GAGs) and PGs from demineralized dentin was carried out by enzymatic digestion protocols using chondroitinase ABC (c-ABC) and trypsin (Try). A comprehensive study design included assessment of dentin matrix mass loss, biodegradability of the PGs/GAGs-depleted dentin matrix, ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and energy to fracture tests. Quantitative data was statistically analyzed by two-way and one-way ANOVA followed by the appropriate post hoc tests (α = 0.05).ResultsTransmission electron microscopy images show effective GAGs removal by c-ABC and Try and both enzymatic methods released statistically similar amounts of GAGs from the demineralized dentin. Try digestion resulted in about 25% dentin matrix mass loss and increased susceptibility to collagenolytic digestion when compared to c-ABC (p = 0.0224) and control (p = 0.0901). Moreover, PGs digestion by Try decreased the tensile strengths of dentin. Statistically lower energy to fracture was observed in c-ABC-treated dentin matrix.ConclusionsGAGs plays a pivotal role on tissue mechanics and anisotropy, while the core protein of PGs have a protective role on matrix biostability.