Lithospheric velocity structure of the northeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau: Relevance to continental geodynamics and seismicity

We provide teleseismic constraints on the continental collision zone along the SW-NE profile from the Tibetan Plateau to the Alxa block, traversing Lenglong Ling, a topographic boundary of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Our seismic profile crosses the Qilian Shan thrust belt, a zone of intense earthquake activity that includes a pair of MW 5.9 earthquakes (in 1986 and 2016) with a 30-year time interval occurring at the city of Menyuan near Lenglong Ling. A high degree of similarity between the two waveforms and their similar hypocenters indicate that the two events are repeating earthquakes. Both P- and S-wave receiver functions show contrasting lithospheric structure and crustal seismic properties across the repeating earthquake region, suggesting that Lenglong Ling can be the crustal boundary between the Tibetan Plateau and the Alxa block. High-frequency P receiver functions clearly show a SW-dipping underthrusted upper crust beneath the foreland of the Qilian Shan thrust belt. A strong low-velocity feature above the intracrustal underthrust beneath southwest Lenglong Ling indicates a mechanically weak zone developed coeval with the main compressional deformation during the last major tectonic event. Our observed, localized upper-crustal deformation beneath Lenglong Ling can be direct evidence of the lateral growth of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, and can control the seismicity of the Qilian Shan thrust belt, including the Menyuan repeating earthquakes.