West Gondwanaland during and after the Pan-African and Brasiliano orogenies: Downslope vectors and detrital-zircon U-Pb and TDM ages and εHf/Nd pinpoint the provenances of the Ediacaran-Paleozoic molasse

Compared with 60-0 Ma (~ Cenozoic) collisional Himalaya-Tibet and Mongolian Plateaus and related sediment fans of East Asia, the 700-500 Ma (Ediacaran-Cambrian) collisional continental super-fan in North Africa and Arabia and the deep-sea super-fan off East Gondwanaland are larger in extent and in their impact on seawater 87Sr/86Sr, probably because West Gondwanaland underwent crustal shortening over a much longer span; furthermore, the ancient morphotectonic regime lasted to the Carboniferous/Permian (~ 300 Ma) merger of Gondwanaland and Laurussia in Pangea, which instituted widespread Pangean-induced subsidence in broad basins that overlapped the planed-off orogens.