Critical roles of Rho-associated kinase in membrane blebbing and mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis caused by 1-butanol

► Primary short chain alcohol causes cytotoxicity upon cardiac H9c2 cells. ► 1-Butanol induces plasma membrane blebbing and mitochondrial apoptosis in H9c2 cells. ► Rho-associated kinase is involved in membrane blebbing and mitochondrial apoptosis by 1-butanol.