Characterisation of microglia during de- and remyelination: Can they create a repair promoting environment?

► The phenotype of microglia changes during de- and remyelination. ► Phagocytosis is enhanced during demyelination associated with TREM-2b upregulation. ► TNF-α was upregulated in microglia while IL-10 and TGF-β remained unchanged. ► The upregulation of growth factors IGF-1 and FGF-2 suggests repair promotion. ► There were only little regional differences between corpus callosum and cortex.