Review ArticleDNA methylation perspectives in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases

- DNA methylation may affect various signaling pathways involved in certain autoimmune diseases.
- MiRNAs and lncRNAs may participate in autoimmune diseases by affecting DNA methylation status.
- DNA methylation changes vary among different tissue and cell types in autoimmune diseases.

DNA methylation is now widely recognized as being critical to maintain the function of immune cells. Recent studies suggest that aberrant DNA methylation levels not only can result in immune cells autoreactivity in vitro, but also are related to autoimmunity in vivo. Environmental factors and genetic polymorphisms cause abnormal methylation, which affects the expression of certain immune-related genes, being becoming hot spot of explaining the mechanism of autoimmune diseases. This paper reviews the importance of abnormal methylation during the development of common autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes, aiming at a better understanding of the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and providing new ideas for the treatment of these diseases.