Comparative activity of biodegradable nanoparticles with aluminum adjuvants: Antigen uptake by dendritic cells and induction of immune response in mice

► Poly(γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA) nanoparticles (NPs) have great potential as an adjuvant and carrier of various antigens in vaccines. ► Antigen-carrying NPs were taken up much more efficiently by dendritic cells than antigen alone or aluminum-associated one. ► Antigen-carrying γ-PGA NPs proved to be a more potent inducer of antigen-specific cellular immune responses than other aluminum adjuvants.