In vitro and in vivo efficacy of tribendimidine and its metabolites alone and in combination against the hookworms Heligmosomoides bakeri and Ancylostoma ceylanicum

► Tribendimidine and its metabolite dADT have excellent anti-hookworm properties in vitro and in vivo. ► Another metabolite, AdADT showed only a moderate effect against Ancylostoma ceylanicum and Heligmosomoides bakeri. ► Tribendimidine combined with levamisole displayed an additive to synergistic effect against A. ceylanicum. ► H. bakeri is a useful model to study drug effects on hookworms.