Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans biofilm can be inactivated by methylene blue-mediated photodynamic therapy

- We investigated Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans biofilm following PDT.
- PDT needs more than 1 min of irradiation to be effective against bacterial biofilm.
- PDT with methylene blue and red laser is a promising therapy for periodontitis.
- PDT can disrupt bacterial biofilm structure.

SummaryBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effects of photodynamic action of methylene blue (MB) against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans organized on biofilm.MethodsAfter the biofilm growth in 96 flat-bottom well plate, the following groups were used: control group, untreated by either laser or photosensitizer (PS); MB group or dark toxicity group, which was exposed to MB alone (100 μM) for 1 min (pre-irradiation time); laser group, irradiated with laser for 5 min in the absence of PS and three antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (APDI) groups, with three exposure times of 1, 3 and 5 min of irradiation, corresponding to fluences of 15, 45, and 75 J/cm2 respectively. The results were compared to the control group for statistical proposes. Scanning electronic microscope analysis was used to access structural changes in biofilm.ResultsRed laser alone and MB alone were not able to inactivate bacterial biofilm. APDI groups showed differences when compared to the control group and they were dependent on the exposure time. No statistically significant differences were observed among the APDI groups at 1 and 3 min of irradiation. On the other hand, 5 min of APDI showed 99.85% of bacterial reduction (p = 0.0004). In addition, the biofilm loose its structure following 5 min APDI.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that A. actinomycetemcomitans biofilm can be inactivated by MB mediated APDI.