Toxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles to cladocerans, algae, rotifers and plants - Effects of size and crystalline structure

► We studied ecotoxicity of nano and microparticles of TiO2 (anatase and rutile). ► Acute and chronical bioassays were conducted for various trophic levels and various media (aquatic and terrestrial). ► Anatase is more toxic than rutile whatever the bioassay. ► Nanoparticles are more toxic than microparticles. ► Daphnia magna test is the most sensitive bioassay.