Large shifts in vegetation and climate during the Early Weichselian (MIS 5d-c) inferred from multi-proxy evidence at Sokli (northern Finland)

► We make multi-proxy-based environmental reconstructions in N Finland for MIS 5d-c. ► Steppe-tundra with scattered trees and a braided river system characterized MIS 5d. ► Deposition in oxbow lake and development to mixed boreal forest characterized MIS 5c. ► MIS 5d-c July temperatures were similar despite large differences in vegetation. ► MIS 5c forest types were similar to those of MIS 5e and Holocene Interglacials.