A meta-analytical global comparison of aboveground biomass accumulation between tropical secondary forests and monoculture plantations

► We perform global meta-analysis comparing tropical plantations and secondary forests. ► The growth rate difference between the two was smaller than often assumed. ► Plantation biomass growth rates were negatively correlated with rainfall seasonality. ► Secondary forest growth was faster with nearby tree cover or brief prior site use. ► Secondary forests warrant more attention as carbon sinks and an alternative to plantations.