Facile synthesis of titanium (IV) ion immobilized adenosine triphosphate functionalized silica nanoparticles for highly specific enrichment and analysis of intact phosphoproteins

Analysis of phosphoproteins always faces the challenge of low stoichiometry, which demands highly selective and efficient enrichment in the initial sample preparation. Here we report our synthesis of the novel titanium (IV) ion immobilized adenosine triphosphate functionalized silica nanoparticles (Ti4+-ATP-NPs) for efficient enrichment of intact phosphoproteins. The average diameter of Ti4+-ATP-NPs was about 128 nm with good dispersibility and the saturated adsorption capacity for β-casein was 1046.5 mg/g. In addition, Ti4+-ATP-NPs exhibited high specificity and selectivity in enriching phosphoproteins from both standard protein mixtures and complex biological samples (non-fat milk, chicken egg white and mouse heart tissue extract) as demonstrated by SDS-PAGE.