Analysis of tunable and highly confined surface wave in the photonic hypercrystals containing graphene-based hyperbolic metamaterial

The property of surface wave at the interface between a dielectric half-space and a photonic hypercrystals (PHC) containing graphene-based hyperbolic metamaterial (GHMM) is investigated. It is observed that the propagation length, figure-of-merit (FOM), absorption resonance, nanoscale mode confinement and penetration depth of surface wave can be tuned by varying the Fermi energy of graphene sheets via electrostatic biasing. It is also found that the surface states in the hypercrystal containing GHMM allow for both high wave numbers and long propagation lengths at the same time. It is shown that the surface wave in the PHC has extremely low group velocity and the magnitude of group velocity can be well regulated. Here we also analyse the optical forces from the surface wave in the case of Rayleigh particles, and large and tunable radiation force component has been observed.