The application of grating couplers in thin-film silicon solar cells

As an alternative to randomly textured transparent conductive oxides as front contact for thin-film silicon solar cells, the application of periodic light grating couplers was studied. The periods and groove depths of transparent gratings made of zinc oxide were tuned independently from each other and varied between 1 and 4 μm and 100 and 600 nm, respectively. The one-dimensional grating couplers were realized using photolithography. We have analysed the optical properties of the gratings and the properties of amorphous and microcrystalline silicon solar cells incorporating these grating couplers. The achieved results are discussed with respect to the performance of cells deposited on flat and randomly textured substrates.