Effects of temperature and confining pressure on mixed-mode (I–II) and mode II fracture toughness of Kimachi sandstone

• Fracture toughness of a sandstone was measured using semi-circular bend (SCB) specimen.
• Mode I, mode II and mixed mode (I–II) fracture toughness was investigated.
• Fracture toughness was found to be dependent on the temperature and the confining pressure.
• Test results showed only limited agreement with maximum tangential stress fracture criterion.