کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
8743686 | 1592648 | 2018 | 14 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
The immunological functions of the Appendix: An example of redundancy?
ترجمه فارسی عنوان
توابع ایمونولوژیک پیوست: نمونه ای از انفصال؟
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کلمات کلیدی
T helperSCIDILCα-SynGALTILFLTIIBDTCrDSSCCRC-C chemokine receptor - C-C گیرنده chemokineAlpha-synuclein - آلفا سینوئولینAppendix - آپاندیسsecondary lymphoid organ - ارگان لنفاوی ثانویهRedundancy - افزونگیimmunoglobulin - ایمونوگلوبولینinterferon - اینترفرونIFN - اینترفرون هاinterleukin - اینترلوکینParkinson’s disease - بیماری پارکینسونCrohn’s disease - بیماری کرونInflammatory bowel disease - بیماریهای التهابی رودهinnate lymphoid cell - سلول لنفاوی ذاتیDextran sulfate sodium - سولفات سدیم دکسترانSilt - سیلIsolated lymphoid follicle - فولیکول لنفاوی جدا شدهMicrobiota - میکروبیوتاPeyer’s patches - پیک هاsevere combined immunodeficient - کمبود ایمنی ترکیبی شدیدUlcerative colitis - کولیت اولسراتیوT cell receptor - گیرنده سلول Tchemokine receptor - گیرنده شیمیایی
موضوعات مرتبط
علوم زیستی و بیوفناوری
ایمنی شناسی و میکروب شناسی
ایمونولوژی
چکیده انگلیسی
Biological redundancy ensures robustness in living organisms at several levels, from genes to organs. In this review, we explore the concept of redundancy and robustness through an analysis of the caecal appendix, an organ that is often considered to be a redundant remnant of evolution. However, phylogenic data show that the Appendix was selected during evolution and is unlikely to disappear once it appeared. In humans, it is highly conserved and malformations are extremely rare, suggesting a role for that structure. The Appendix could perform a dual role. First, it is a concentrate of lymphoid tissue resembling Peyer's patches and is the primary site for immunoglobulin A production which is crucial to regulate the density and quality of the intestinal flora. Second, given its shape and position, the Appendix could be a unique niche for commensal bacteria in the body. It is extremely rich in biofilms that continuously shed bacteria into the intestinal lumen. The Appendix contains a microbiota as diverse as that found in the colon and could replenish the large intestine with healthy flora after a diarrhea episode. In conditions of modern medicine hygiene, and people live healthy without their appendix. However, several reports suggest that the effects of appendectomy could be subtler and associated with the development of inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), heart disease but also in less expected disorders such as Parkinson's disease. Lack of an Appendix also predicts a worsen outcome for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection, which is the first nosocomial infection in hospitals. Here, we review the literature and in combination with our own data, we suggest that the Appendix might be redundant in its immunological function but unique as a reservoir of microbiota.
ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Seminars in Immunology - Volume 36, April 2018, Pages 31-44
Journal: Seminars in Immunology - Volume 36, April 2018, Pages 31-44
نویسندگان
Mathilde J.H. Girard-Madoux, Mercedes Gomez de Agüero, Stephanie C. Ganal-Vonarburg, Catherine Mooser, Gabrielle T. Belz, Andrew J. Macpherson, Eric Vivier,