Inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum cysteine proteases by the sugarcane cystatin CaneCPI-4

Schematic model of recombinant sugarcane cystatin (CaneCPI-4) action in Plasmodium infected erythrocytes. N - nucleus; DV - digestive vacuole; Hb - Hemoglobin; Hz - Hemozoin; PVM - Parasitophorous Vacuole Membrane. Black arrow - hemoglobin internalization by cystotome vesicle formation. Red dashed arrow - CaneCPI-4 entry through infected cell membranes.152