Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation and biochar amendment on maize growth, cadmium uptake and soil cadmium speciation in Cd-contaminated soil

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculation and biochar application on maize growth, antioxidant enzyme activities, cadmium uptake, soil pH, AMF colonization and soil cadmium bioavailability under Cd-contaminated soil. Red, blue and grey arrows represent the strong, moderate and slight effects on the corresponding parameters, respectively.83