Feasibility and effects of a group-based resistance and aerobic exercise program for individuals with severe schizophrenia: A multidisciplinary approach

PurposePeople with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorders have a higher risk of morbidity and premature mortality compared to the general population in part due to sedentary lifestyles. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the feasibility and effects of aerobic (AT) and resistance training (RT) on individuals with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorders.MethodsEight males and five females (mean age 44.6 ± 3 years) were randomized to either twice weekly exercise (n = 7) or usual care (control) (n = 6). Functional exercise capacity (six minute walk distance (6MWD)), muscular strength, anthropometric measures, and domains of mental health were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. Data are presented as means ± SEM.ResultsThe exercise group demonstrated a 27.7 ± 22.3 m increase in 6MWD while the control group showed a decrease of 28.3 ± 26.6 m (between-group difference, p = 0.1). There was a significant strength increase for exercise (28.3 ± 8.8%, p = 0.01) but not for control (12.5 ± 8.5%, p = 0.2). The exercise group had a significant improvement in total Mental Health Inventory (MHI) score (p < 0.03) with no change for control. Gain in 6MWD was directly associated with improvement in total MHI score (r = 0.8, p = 0.009) as was reduction in depressive symptoms (r = −0.9, p < 0.001) among all participants. Attendance at exercise sessions averaged 72 ± 4.4% with no dropouts. Reduction in depressive symptoms correlated with greater adherence to exercise (r = −0.93, p = 0.02).ConclusionsA 12-week community-based AT and RT program results in significant improvements in overall mental health, muscular strength and a trend for improvement in functional exercise capacity. Among all participants, improvement in functional exercise capacity was associated with improvement in overall mental health as well as a reduction in depressive symptoms. Reduction in depressive symptoms was associated with greater adherence to exercise. A group exercise program for individuals with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder is feasible when implemented by a multidisciplinary team.