Transplantation pulmonaire chez les patients atteints de fibrose pulmonaire

Lung transplantation has been developed over the last fifteen years as a therapeutic option for different forms of advanced-stage lung disease. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a good indication. For these patients, single lung transplantation is usually preferred, bilateral lung transplantation to a lesser extent. Survival is similar for these two types of transplantation. The post-transplantation survival in patients with pulmonary fibrosis is about 65-70% at one year and 40% at five years. This rate is lower than observed for COPD or cystic fibrosis. If there are no complications, the patient can recover nearly normal lifestyle. Among the different complications, reimplantation edema, infection, rejection, and bronchial complications predominate. Chronic rejection, also called obliterative bronchiolitis syndrome, is a later complication which can be observed in about half of the patients. Improvement in graft survival depends greatly in improvement in prevention and management of complications. Despite such complications, graft survival in fibrosis patients is greater than spontaneous survival on the waiting list; idiopathic fibrosis is associated with the highest mortality on the waiting list. Patients should be referred early for the pre-transplantation work-up because individual prognosis is very difficult to predict.