Introduction à la thérapie d'acceptation et d'engagement (ACT)

This article presents the theoretical foundations, clinical methodology and first results of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). ACT was developed over the past 20 years on the basis of behavior analytic research on language and human cognition. At the core of this approach lies the principle that the symbolic properties of language render any attempt to control psychological events futile and counterproductive, even when it is a source of suffering. Unlike this attempt to control, ACT aims at increasing the capacity to accept negative thoughts and emotions and the commitment in valued behaviors. In practice, the clinical work consists of limiting the influence of language by helping clients to be in contact with the concrete consequences of their behavior, as much as possible. Especially, ACT emphasizes the use of metaphors and experiences lived by the client. The first results of this new therapy are also presented in the current paper. Though there are still few reaching methodological standards, data appear to be promising for many various psychological disorders. The evaluation of this approach is discussed with regard to its goal, which is not to decrease the symptoms frequency, but to increase the adequacy between behaviors and values of the client.