Aspects transculturels des retards intellectuels chez l'enfant

Addressing the issue of mental retardation from a cross-cultural angle is essential both epistemologically and clinically. This approach raises several complex questions. We will first consider the epidemiological aspect, in particular through research carried out on children of migrant families. It is important to redefine concept such as intelligence, as it is subject to cultural variations. Then, we will address factors influencing the way children approach knowledge and learning. The vulnerability of migrant children is often reinforced through socio-cultural factors. Following a brief clinical review, we will discuss the role of psychological testing in diagnosis, which will lead us to question standardized, non contextualized tests. Language disorders and psychotraumatic disorders are mentioned as differential diagnosis to keep in mind. Awareness of the cross-cultural situation and family migration is necessary for diagnosis. Finally, we shall see the importance that the cross-cultural approach assumes for the creation of a therapeutic alliance in therapy and care.